The first shot of the Sino-US trade war has changed.
Medical Network July 9th At 12:01 on July 6th, the largest trade war in economic history has officially started. There has been a big change in the list of tariffs imposed by China and the United States. Among them, all the drugs and some low-end medical devices have been removed from the latest list of the US.
▍The first shot of the trade war started. There is a big change in the list of tariffs imposed by the US.
According to the Xinhua News Agency, the US Customs and Border Protection reported that the United States had 818 categories on the first batch of listings, worth $34 billion, at 00:01 local time on July 6 (Beijing time at 12:01 on the 6th). Chinese goods are subject to a 25% import tariff. As a counterattack, China also imposed a 25% import tariff on US products of the same size ($34 billion) on the same day. The tariff increase measures were officially implemented at 12:01 on July 6th, Beijing time.
A spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce said on the same day that China promised not to shoot the first shot, but in order to defend China’s own interests, it had to be forced to make the necessary counterattack.
The 818 categories of the first batch of tariffs on the United States were mainly taxed in areas including automobiles, aircraft, and information and communication technologies, while China’s equivalent tariffs were imposed on 545 items of agricultural products, automobiles, and aquatic products.
除此之外，双方还有第二批加征关税的商品。
美国总统特朗普7月5日表示，对另外160亿美元进口中国商品（第二批清单）征税，正在接受公众审核，征税时间另行公告。
根据国务院关税税则委员会此前公告，中国对美过化工品、医疗设备、能源产品等114项商品，加征关税实施时间另行公告。
值得一提的是，美国第二批加征关税清单较此前有大的变动。
根据美国贸易代表办公室（USTR）4月3日公布的拟加征关税的中国商品建议清单，共有1333个独立关税项目，总价值约500亿美元。但是，现在这项清单变成了1102个。
事实上，USTR公布对华课税商品清单后，经过了两个月公众意见审核。按照USTR官网信息，这期间共收到约3200份书面意见书，最终决定：
从最初提议的清单中删除515项商品；
新增加284项商品，以瞄准受益于中国产业政策的产品；
维持最初提议的清单中的818项商品不变。
而被删除的515个产品，共涉及约160亿美元，其中不少是美国居民的必需用品，包括515个产品中所有的药品和部分低端医疗器械被移除。
USTR给出的理由是“征税可能导致大批中国医药产品放弃美国市场，而新增其它国家的供应商需要通过FDA较长的审批流程，无法在短时间内填补市场需求。”
中美贸易战梳理 制图：赛柏蓝器械
▍中美双方互相加征关税的医疗器械产品清单
从目前公布出来的商品清单看，中国向美国加征关税涉及到
医疗器械类商品的，主要包括如下六项：
90181310 核磁共振成像成套装置
90181930 病员监护仪
90185000 眼科用其他仪器及器具
90189099 税目90.18未列名的医疗、外科或兽医用仪器及器具
90221400 其他医疗、外科或兽医用 X 射线应用设备
90229090 税目90.22所列其他设备及零件、附件
而美国移除第二批清单里的药品和部分低端医疗器械后，所涉及的对中国加征关税的医疗器械产品则大大减少。
赛柏蓝器械结合USTR的清单说明报告和中信证券研究部的一份研究，整理出被移出清单的部分医疗器械，以及仍在加征关税清单里的产品。
部分在美方新版征税清单中被移出的品类
图自：CITICS策略组
美方新版征税清单里仍被加征关税的医疗器械品类
制图：赛柏蓝器械
▍进口市场格局改变 出口市场结构也将变动
首先，从中国对美国加征关税的清单中，最受关注的当属“核磁共振成像成套装置”。
据《中国医疗设备》2018年年3月公布的数据，进口磁共振MRI的国内市场占有率如下：德国西门子为35.1%，美国通用电气30.4%，荷兰飞利浦22%，日本佳能10.7%，中国东软7.4%，中国联影1.1%，其他占0.5%。
一旦加征关税，上述进口设备市场占有率将改变。同时，在进口替代加速的背景下，国产品牌崛起的机会似乎又大了一些。
而美国加征关税后，我国的医疗器械出口结构或将改变。
2017年，国内医疗器械出口扭转上一年下跌态势，出口总额217.03亿美元，达历史新高。其中，第一“客户”是美国，对美国的出口额为58.38亿美元，其次是日本，14.78亿美元。
虽然出口额增长，但目前我国出口的医疗器械产品中，仍以低值耗材、中低端产品为主，产业对原材料和劳动力等低成本要素依赖很大。以按摩保健器具、医用耗材敷料为主的前十大出口产品，占据我医疗器械出口总额的44.5%。这也是美国将部分低端医疗器械移除出第二批清单的原因所在。
近几年，我国高端医疗器械产业在国家支持下取得了迅速发展，尤其是影像诊断设备逐步实现进口替代。个别产品，如超声、监护等设备在国际市场的影响力也逐渐显现。美国也看到了这一点，所以将新增加284项商品，瞄准受益于中国产业政策的产品。
The overall situation of China's pharmaceutical foreign trade released by China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Medicines and Health Products shows that China's medical device exports mainly rely on medical dressings and disposable consumables, and now the proportion of small and medium-sized medical equipment and high value-added products is increasing. high.
In 2016, the proportion of medical diagnostic equipment exports reached 16%, while the proportion of medical dressings and disposable consumables was only 4.2% and 5.9%. The export of medical dressings fell by nearly 10% year-on-year, and the product structure was being adjusted and continuously optimized.
However, the direction of the second batch of tariff-added tariffs in the United States is likely to return this export structure to its original position. At least, the structure of the medical device export market in China will change.
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